Culturally Aware and Adapted NLP: Towards Inclusive Language Learning Tools

NLP yang Sadar dan Beradaptasi Secara Budaya: Menuju Alat Pembelajaran Bahasa yang Inklusif

Abstract

Abstract

Background: Natural Language Processing (NLP) has become a core component of digital language learning tools, including AI translators, chatbots, and automated feedback systems. However, most applications are developed in culturally neutral frameworks, neglecting intercultural dimensions of communication. This cultural blind spot often generates bias, leading to misinterpretations, inequities, and reduced inclusivity in language education.

Aim: This study aims to examine cultural biases in NLP-based language learning tools and propose a culturally aware framework that enhances inclusivity, equity, and learner identity recognition.

Method: This study adopts a mixed-method approach by combining a systematic literature review with case analyses of widely used NLP tools in educational contexts. The review identifies cultural bias in AI-mediated communication and language learning platforms, while the case studies examine specific instances of misrepresentation or exclusion of cultural norms. The analysis is guided by intercultural pragmatics and AI ethics frameworks.

Results: Findings reveal three major issues: (1) NLP tools frequently misinterpret culturally embedded expressions such as politeness markers and idiomatic phrases; (2) learners from non-dominant linguistic backgrounds face reduced identity affirmation and engagement; and (3) lack of culturally adaptive design perpetuates inequity in access and learning outcomes. Embedding culturally aware modules such as adaptive pragmatics recognition and multilingual inclusivity layers shows potential to mitigate these issues.

Conclusion: The study proposes a framework of culturally aware and adapted NLP that integrates intercultural pragmatics into the design of educational AI. Such a framework enhances learner inclusivity, strengthens identity recognition, and contributes to equitable language pedagogy. This work highlights the need for future EdTech research and development to prioritize cultural awareness as a central principle in human-centered AI for education.